It is a common to belief that replacing older windows with newer ones is the best way to quickly obtain an energy efficient home. However, this chart clearly shows that adding insulation and/or sealing the cracks and crevices in ceilings, walls, and floors should be the first line of defense against energy loss.
The good news is that filling cracks and voids can usually be done by the homeowner once a thermal inspection shows them where they are located. This is also the least expensive method for energy control.
If your home or building uses forced hot air or central air conditioning, the ducts that transfer this warm and cool air, may often be one of the largest sources of energy waste. An infrared camera can detect most defects in ductwork.
Securely blocking off a fireplace when not in use will also substantially contribute to the energy efficiency of the building.
Note: Many television ads and electric companies are touting the need to change your light bulbs. While this is a cheap and easy way to slightly reduce your electric bill, it is very insignificant when you compare the energy costs you will save by stopping the air infiltration of your entire building.